Two Dogmas of Empiricism. Willard Van Orman Quine. Originally published in The Philosophical Review 60 (1951): 20-43. Reprinted in W.V.O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View (Harvard University Press, 1953; second, revised, edition 1961), with the following alterations: "The version printed here diverges from the original in footnotes and in other minor respects: 1 and 6 have been abridged where they encroach on the preceding essay, and 3-4 have been expanded at points." Transcribed into hypertext by A