Leap Seconds
LEAP SECONDS Civil time is occasionally adjusted by one second increments to ensure that the difference between a uniform time scale defined by atomic clocks does not differ from the Earth's rotational time by more than 0.9 seconds. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), an atomic time, is the basis for civil time. Historically, the second was defined in terms of the rotation of the Earth as 1/86, 400 ...
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Formulas and Constants